Other therapies

Surgery

This is an option in a very small number of cases. It may be considered where a specific structural abnormality of the brain can be identified, such as an area of scar tissue, and this is in an area suitable for surgery, and where medication has proven unsuccessful.

Devices

A battery-powered device to stimulate the vagus nerve can be fitted under the skin like a pacemaker to send electrical signals to the brain via the vagus nerve in the lower back. This can help reduce seizure frequency. It is of most use where seizures are not well controlled by Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs).

Diet

A “Ketogenic diet” which is rich in fats and low in carbohydrate can reduce seizure frequency in some children and adults where AEDs have been ineffective. This therapy is mainly for young people.

Lifestyle Issues

Getting adequate sleep, eating regularly, and the avoidance of stress and excess alcohol consumption are sensible lifestyle modifications. Compliance with treatment is also a very important factor.

Follow - up arrangements

Limited follow – up is acceptable for some people with infrequent seizures who are well controlled on AEDs, however everyone with epilepsy should be reviewed intermittently. Current guidance suggests an annual review.

Amended November 2008