Cauda Equina syndrome
This rare condition is a severe neurological disorder that normally results from a prolapsed disc. It can lead to incontinence and even paraplegia, and is often a medical emergency.
The cauda equina is Latin for “horse’s tail” and describes the bundle of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord. The spinal cord ends at the upper region of the lumbar spine and becomes a bundle of individual nerve roots like a horse’s tail, which continue along the spinal canal. The cauda equina is the continuation of these nerve roots in the lumbar region.
Cauda equina syndrome most commonly results from a central disc prolapse in the lumbar region. It is accompanied by a range of symptoms, the most important features are:
- rapidly worsening neurological signs and symptoms in a person with a known lumbar disc prolapse.
- bilateral leg pain (sciatica) and neurological signs (muscle weakness and sensory loss).
- saddle (or caudal) anaesthesia [unable to feel anything in the body area that would normally sit on a saddle].
- urinary or bowel incontinence.
Prompt surgical treatment is indicated for cauda equina syndrome, ideally within 48 hours of the onset of the syndrome. Delay may result in permanent neurological damage with functional limitations. If left untreated, cauda equina syndrome can result in paraplegia.
