Devices used in Asthma treatment
- Meter Dose inhaler
- Spacer devices
- Dry powder inhaler
- Breath-actuated aerosol inhaler
- Nebulizers
- Tablets and syrups
Meter dose inhaler
(70% of patients use them) Compressed gas is delivered in aerosol form, but they are relatively inefficient in hat only a small amount of the dose actually gets to the lungs, the rest being swallowed. Also, some patients have difficulties coordinating the use of the device with inhaling (breathing in). However, this can be overcome by the use of a spacer device (see below).
It is important that patients are taught correct inhaler techniques, so that the device is used with maximum efficiency and consistency.
Spacer devices
Spacer devices are designed to be used with a metered dose inhaler (MDI). They are a plastic bubble with a hole in one end to fit the MDI and a mouthpiece at the other end. A mask can be fitted at this end for use with babies and young children. A dose of medication is sprayed into the air bubble. The patient then breathes this mix of air and medication in and out through the mouth for about 5 breaths.
Dry powder inhaler
These are easy to use, as the device is pressured to release the medication (in the form of dry powder). These devises may be affected by moisture or humidity and may be considered bulky to carry. However, the device is felt to be more efficient, as more medication reaches the lungs.
Breath-actuated aerosol inhaler
The device is triggered by breathing in, and therefore is easier to use and the delivery of medication to the lungs may be more efficient and consistent. However, the patient must be able to breathe in sufficiently well, to start off the device. The main advantage is that it ensures a reliable and consistent dose of the medication. Spaces are also advised for the use with higher-dose inhaled steroids, s les is swallowed and therefore, there is a reduced risk of side effects from the steroids. A Spacer can also be used instead of a nebulizer, to use a bronchodilator in the event of an asthma attack. However, they are more bulky and not so easy to carry.
Nebulizers
A nebulizer is a machine, which bubbles air through a solution of asthma medication (bronchodilator). This is then carried through tubing to a facemask, through which the patient breathes it in. This usually takes about 10 minutes. It is used usually in asthma attacks, and intermittent severe asthma. Also, a nebulizer can be used when another device cannot be used that is, with people who have learning difficulties, very young children, and people who are very ill and have upper limb problems. While a nebulizer can deliver large doses, it is bulky expensive and needs an electric power supply. Some people can become dependent on nebulizers. An inhaler and spacer device used together are as effective as a nebulizer.
Tablets and syrups
Most people do not need these, as inhalers usually work well.
This way of treatment is used mainly for an oral steroid course, and in some cases tablets or liquid medications are prescribed in addition to inhalers if necessary, to fully treat the symptoms. Liquid medication is sometimes used to treat young children.
